Vector-Borne Diseases by Animal

Reference of vector-borne diseases by affected animal, including those that are zoonotic

This reference table lists some of the most significant vector-borne diseases of concern to domestic animals in the United States, including cattle, sheep and goats, cervids, horses, swine, poultry, dogs, cats, rabbits, and honey bees. It is not meant to be a complete resource of all vector-borne diseases and conditions, or used as a diagnostic tool for clinical cases. In certain situations, pathogens may cause illness in animal species and be transmitted by disease vectors not listed here. Further details can be found in other resources.

The ‘search’ box below can be used to filter diseases by vector, species, etc. (enter each term with a space in between). For example: enter “cattle foreign”.

Primary Species Affected	Disease and Pathogen	Primary Disease Vector(s)	Endemic/Foreign	USDA Reportable?	Affects People?
Cattle	Akabane Orthobunyavirus	Biting midges	Foreign	Yes (Reportable)	No
Cattle	Anaplasmosis Anaplasma marginale, A. centrale	Ticks	Endemic	Yes (Reportable)	No
Cattle	Anthrax Bacillus anthracis	Flies	Endemic	Yes (Reportable)	Yes (Zoonotic)
Cattle	Bluetongue Orbivirus	Biting midges	Endemic (Serotypes other than 8) Foreign (Serotype 8)	Yes (Reportable)	No
Cattle	Bovine babesiosis Babesia bovis, B. bigemina, B. divergens, B. microti	Ticks	Endemic	Yes (Reportable)	No
Cattle	Bovine ephemeral fever Ephemerovirus	Mosquitoes, biting midges	Foreign	No	No
Cattle	Contagious mastitis Multiple bacterial species: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Mycoplasma spp., Corynebacterium bovis	Biting flies	Endemic	No	No
Cattle	Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever Nairovirus	Ticks	Foreign	Yes (Reportable)	Yes (Zoonotic)
Cattle	Dermatophilosis Dermatophilus congolensis	Ticks, flies	Endemic	No	Yes (Zoonotic)
Cattle	East Coast fever Theileria parva	Ticks	Foreign	Yes (Reportable)	No
Cattle	Epizootic bovine abortion (foothill abortion) Pajaroellobacter abortibovis	Ticks	Endemic	No	No
Cattle	Epizootic hemorrhagic disease Orbivirus	Biting midges	Endemic	Yes (Reportable)	No
Cattle	Heartwater Ehrlichia ruminantium	Ticks	Foreign	Yes (Reportable)	No
Cattle	Lumpy skin disease Capripoxvirus	Ticks, mosquitoes, biting flies, biting midges	Foreign	Yes (Reportable)	No
Cattle	Mange Chorioptes bovis, Sarcoptes scabiei var ovis, Psoroptes ovis	Mites	Endemic (some) Foreign (some)	Yes (Reportable)	Yes – Some (Zoonotic)
Cattle	Parafilariasis Parafilaria bovicola	Flies	Foreign	No	No
Cattle	Pinkeye Moraxella bovis and other species	Flies	Endemic	No	No
Cattle	Rift Valley fever Phlebovirus	Mosquitoes	Foreign	Yes (Reportable)	Yes (Zoonotic)
Cattle	Schmallenberg disease Orthobunyavirus	Biting midges	Foreign	Yes (Reportable)	No
Cattle	Screwworm myiasis Chrysomya bezziana, Cochliomyia hominivorax	Flies	Foreign	Yes (Reportable)	Yes (Zoonotic)
Cattle	Stephanofilariasis (granulomatous dermatitis) Stephanofilaria stilesis	Flies	Endemic	Yes (Reportable)	No
Cattle	Surra Trypanosoma evansi	Biting flies	Foreign	Yes (Reportable)	Yes (Zoonotic)
Cattle	Theileriosis Theileria annulata, T. orientalis, T. parva	Ticks	Endemic (T. orientalis Ikeda) Foreign (T. annulata, T. parva)	Yes (Reportable)	No
Cattle	Trypanosomiasis (tsetse-transmitted) Trypanosoma congolense and other species	Tsetse flies	Foreign	Yes (Reportable)	Yes (Zoonotic)
Cattle	Ulcerative lymphangitis Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis	Biting flies	Endemic	Yes (Reportable)	Yes (Zoonotic)
Cattle	Vesicular stomatitis Vesiculovirus	Flies, biting midges	Endemic	Yes (Reportable)	No
Sheep and Goats	Akabane Orthobunyavirus	Biting midges	Foreign	Yes (Reportable)	No
Sheep and Goats	Anaplasmosis Anaplasma marginale, A. centrale	Ticks	Endemic	Yes (Reportable)	No
Sheep and Goats	Anthrax Bacillus anthracis	Flies	Endemic	Yes (Reportable)	Yes (Zoonotic)
Sheep and Goats	Bluetongue Orbivirus	Biting midges	Endemic (Serotypes other than 8) Foreign (Serotype 8)	Yes (Reportable)	No
Sheep and Goats	Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever Nairovirus	Ticks	Foreign	Yes (Reportable)	Yes (Zoonotic)
Sheep and Goats	Dermatophilosis Dermatophilus congolensis	Ticks, flies	Endemic	No	Yes (Zoonotic)
Sheep and Goats	Heartwater Ehrlichia ruminantium	Ticks	Foreign	Yes (Reportable)	No
Sheep and Goats	Louping ill Flavivirus	Ticks	Foreign	No	Yes (Zoonotic)
Sheep and Goats	Mange Psoroptes ovis, Sarcoptes scabiei var ovis, Chorioptes bovis	Mites	Endemic (some) Foreign (some)	Yes (Reportable)	Yes – Some (Zoonotic)
Sheep and Goats	Nairobi sheep disease Orthonairovirus	Ticks	Foreign	Yes (Reportable)	Yes (Zoonotic)
Sheep and Goats	Pinkeye Moraxella bovis and other species	Flies	Endemic	No	No
Sheep and Goats	Rift Valley fever Phlebovirus	Mosquitoes	Foreign	Yes (Reportable)	Yes (Zoonotic)
Sheep and Goats	Schmallenberg disease Orthobunyavirus	Biting midges	Foreign	Yes (Reportable)	No
Sheep and Goats	Screwworm myiasis Chrysomya bezziana, Cochliomyia hominivorax	Flies	Foreign	Yes (Reportable)	Yes (Zoonotic)
Sheep and Goats	Sheep and goat pox Capripoxvirus	Biting flies	Foreign	Yes (Reportable)	No
Sheep and Goats	Theileriosis Theileria lestoquardi, T. luwenshuni, T. uilenbergi	Ticks	Foreign	Yes (Reportable)	No
Sheep and Goats	Trypanosomiasis (tsetse-transmitted) Trypanosoma congolense and other species	Tsetse flies	Foreign	Yes (Reportable)	Yes (Zoonotic)
Sheep and Goats	Tularemia Francisella tularensis	Ticks, mosquitoes, biting flies, biting midges	Endemic	Yes (Reportable)	Yes (Zoonotic)
Sheep and Goats	Ulcerative lymphangitis Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis	Biting flies	Endemic	Yes (Reportable)	Yes (Zoonotic)
Cervids	Anaplasmosis Anaplasma marginale, A. centrale	Ticks	Endemic	Yes (Reportable)	No
Cervids	Anthrax Bacillus anthracis	Flies	Endemic	Yes (Reportable)	Yes (Zoonotic)
Cervids	Bluetongue Orbivirus	Biting midges	Endemic (Serotypes other than 8) Foreign (Serotype 8)	Yes (Reportable)	No
Cervids	Epizootic hemorrhagic disease Orbivirus	Biting midges	Endemic	Yes (Reportable)	No
Cervids	Screwworm myiasis Chrysomya bezziana, Cochliomyia hominivorax	Flies	Foreign	Yes (Reportable)	Yes (Zoonotic)
Cervids	Trypanosomiasis (tsetse-transmitted) Trypanosoma congolense and other species	Tsetse flies	Foreign	Yes (Reportable)	Yes (Zoonotic)
Horses	African horse sickness Orbivirus	Biting midges	Foreign	Yes (Reportable)	No
Horses	Anaplasmosis (Equine granulocytic anaplasmosis) A. phagocytophilum	Ticks	Endemic	Yes (Reportable)	Yes (Zoonotic)
Horses	Anthrax Bacillus anthracis	Flies	Endemic	Yes (Reportable)	Yes (Zoonotic)
Horses	Dermatophilosis Dermatophilus congolensis	Ticks, flies	Endemic	No	Yes (Zoonotic)
Horses	Eastern equine encephalomyelitis Alphavirus	Mosquitoes	Endemic	Yes (Reportable)	Yes (Zoonotic)
Horses	Equine infectious anemia Lentivirus	Biting flies	Endemic	Yes (Reportable)	No
Horses	Eye worm Thelazia lacrymalis	Flies	Endemic	No	Yes (Zoonotic)
Horses	Japanese encephalitis Flavivirus	Mosquitoes	Foreign	Yes (Reportable)	Yes (Zoonotic)
Horses	Lyme disease Borrelia burgdorferi	Ticks	Endemic	No	Yes (Zoonotic)
Horses	Parafilariasis Parafilaria multipapillosa	Flies	Foreign	No	No
Horses	Piroplasmosis Theileria equi, Babesia caballi	Ticks	Foreign	Yes (Reportable)	No
Horses	Screwworm myiasis Chrysomya bezziana, Cochliomyia hominivorax	Flies	Foreign	Yes (Reportable)	Yes (Zoonotic)
Horses	St. Louis encephalitis Flavivirus	Mosquitoes	Endemic	No	Yes (Zoonotic)
Horses	Surra Trypanosoma evansi	Biting flies	Foreign	Yes (Reportable)	Yes (Zoonotic)
Horses	Trypanosomiasis (tsetse-transmitted) Trypanosoma congolense and other species	Tsetse flies	Foreign	Yes (Reportable)	Yes (Zoonotic)
Horses	Ulcerative lymphangitis Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis	Biting flies	Endemic	Yes (Reportable)	Yes (Zoonotic)
Horses	Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis Alphavirus	Mosquitoes	Foreign	Yes (Reportable)	Yes (Zoonotic)
Horses	Vesicular stomatitis Vesiculovirus	Flies, biting midges	Endemic	Yes (Reportable)	No
Horses	Western equine encephalomyelitis Alphavirus	Mosquitoes	Endemic	Yes (Reportable)	Yes (Zoonotic)
Horses	West Nile virus disease Orthoflavivirus	Mosquitoes	Endemic	Yes (Reportable)	Yes (Zoonotic)
Swine	African swine fever Asfivirus	Ticks (soft)	Foreign	Yes (Reportable)	No
Swine	Anthrax Bacillus anthracis	Flies	Endemic	Yes (Reportable)	Yes (Zoonotic)
Swine	Japanese encephalitis Flavivirus	Mosquitoes	Foreign	Yes (Reportable)	Yes (Zoonotic)
Swine	Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) Arteriviridae	Flies	Endemic	No	No
Swine	Screwworm myiasis Chrysomya bezziana, Cochliomyia hominivorax	Flies	Foreign	Yes (Reportable)	Yes (Zoonotic)
Swine	Swine dysentery Brachyspira hyodysenteriae	Flies	Endemic	No	No
Swine	Swinepox Suipoxvirus	Lice, flies, mosquitoes	Endemic	No	No
Swine	Trypanosomiasis (tsetse-transmitted) Trypanosoma congolense and other species	Tsetse flies	Foreign	Yes (Reportable)	Yes (Zoonotic)
Swine	Vesicular stomatitis Vesiculovirus	Flies, biting midges	Endemic	Yes (Reportable)	No
Poultry	Eastern equine encephalomyelitis Alphavirus	Mosquitoes	Endemic	Yes (Reportable)	Yes (Zoonotic)
Poultry	Fowl pox Avipoxvirus	Mosquitoes	Endemic	No	No
Poultry	Leucocytozoonosis Leucocytozoon spp.	Biting flies, biting midges	Endemic	No	No
Poultry	Louping ill Flavivirus	Ticks	Foreign	No	Yes (Zoonotic)
Poultry	Screwworm myiasis Chrysomya bezziana, Cochliomyia hominivorax	Flies	Foreign	Yes (Reportable)	Yes (Zoonotic)
Poultry	Turkey coronavirus Coronavirus	Flies	Endemic	No	No
Poultry	West Nile virus disease Orthoflavivirus	Mosquitoes	Endemic	Yes (Reportable)	Yes (Zoonotic)
Dogs	American canine hepatozoonosis Hepatozoon americanum	Ticks	Endemic	No	No
Dogs	Anaplasmosis Anaplasma marginale, A. centrale, A. phagocytophilum	Ticks	Endemic	Yes (Reportable)	Yes (Zoonotic)
Dogs	Anthrax Bacillus anthracis	Flies	Endemic	Yes (Reportable)	Yes (Zoonotic)
Dogs	Bartonellosis Bartonella henselae and other species	Fleas	Endemic	No	Yes (Zoonotic)
Dogs	Chagas disease Trypanosoma cruzi	Kissing bugs	Endemic	No	Yes (Zoonotic)
Dogs	Dipetalonema dracunculoides (roundworm)	Dog louse fly (Hippobosca longipennis)	Foreign	No	No
Dogs	Dirofilariasis (heartworm disease) Dirofilaria immitis	Mosquitoes	Endemic	No	Yes (Zoonotic)
Dogs	Ehrlichiosis Ehrlichia canis and other species	Ticks	Endemic	No	Yes (Zoonotic)
Dogs	Eye worm Thelazia californiensis	Flies	Endemic	No	Yes (Zoonotic)
Dogs	Flea-borne spotted fever Rickettsia felis	Fleas	Endemic	No	Yes (Zoonotic)
Dogs	Leishmaniasis Leishmania spp.	Sand flies	Foreign	Yes (Reportable)	Yes (Zoonotic)
Dogs	Lyme disease Borrelia burgdorferi	Ticks	Endemic	No	Yes (Zoonotic)
Dogs	Plague Yersinia pestis	Fleas	Endemic	No	Yes (Zoonotic)
Dogs	Rocky Mountain spotted fever Rickettsia rickettsii	Ticks	Endemic	No	Yes (Zoonotic)
Dogs	Screwworm myiasis Chrysomya bezziana, Cochliomyia hominivorax	Flies	Foreign	Yes (Reportable)	Yes (Zoonotic)
Dogs	Tapeworm Dipylidium caninum	Fleas, lice	Endemic	No	Yes (Zoonotic)
Dogs	Trypanosomiasis (tsetse-transmitted) Trypanosoma congolense and other species	Tsetse flies	Foreign	Yes (Reportable)	Yes (Zoonotic)
Cats	Anaplasmosis Anaplasma phagocytophilum	Ticks	Endemic	Yes (Reportable)	Yes (Zoonotic)
Cats	Anthrax Bacillus anthracis	Flies	Endemic	Yes (Reportable)	Yes (Zoonotic)
Cats	Bartonellosis Bartonella henselae and other species	Fleas	Endemic	No	Yes (Zoonotic)
Cats	Chagas disease Trypanosoma cruzi	Kissing bugs	Endemic	No	Yes (Zoonotic)
Cats	Cytauxzoonosis Cytauxzoon felis	Ticks	Endemic	No	No
Cats	Dirofilariasis (heartworm disease) Dirofilaria immitis	Mosquitoes	Endemic	No	Yes (Zoonotic)
Cats	Eye worm Thelazia californiensis	Flies	Endemic	No	Yes (Zoonotic)
Cats	Feline hemotropic mycoplasmosis (formerly known as feline infectious anemia) Mycoplasma haemofelis	Fleas	Endemic	No	No
Cats	Flea-borne spotted fever Rickettsia felis	Fleas	Endemic	No	Yes (Zoonotic)
Cats	Plague Yersinia pestis	Fleas	Endemic	No	Yes (Zoonotic)
Cats	Screwworm myiasis Chrysomya bezziana, Cochliomyia hominivorax	Flies	Foreign	Yes (Reportable)	Yes (Zoonotic)
Cats	Tapeworm Dipylidium caninum	Fleas, lice	Endemic	No	Yes (Zoonotic)
Cats	Trypanosomiasis (tsetse-transmitted) Trypanosoma congolense and other species	Tsetse flies	Foreign	Yes (Reportable)	Yes (Zoonotic)
Cats	Tularemia Francisella tularensis	Ticks, mosquitoes, biting flies, biting midges	Endemic	Yes (Reportable)	Yes (Zoonotic)
Rabbits	Anthrax Bacillus anthracis	Flies	Endemic	Yes (Reportable)	Yes (Zoonotic)
Rabbits	Myxomatosis Myxoma virus	Ticks, mosquitoes, mites, fleas	Endemic	Yes (Reportable)	No
Rabbits	Screwworm myiasis Chrysomya bezziana, Cochliomyia hominivorax	Flies	Foreign	Yes (Reportable)	Yes (Zoonotic)
Rabbits	Tularemia Francisella tularensis	Ticks, mosquitoes, biting flies, biting midges	Endemic	Yes (Reportable)	Yes (Zoonotic)
Honey Bees	Acarapisosis Acarapis woodi	Mites	Endemic	Yes (Reportable)	No
Honey Bees	Deformed wing virus, variant C Picornavirales	Mites	Endemic	Yes (Reportable)	No
Honey Bees	Slow bee paralysis virus Flavivirus	Mites	Foreign	Yes (Reportable)	No
Honey Bees	Small hive beetle infestation	Beetles	Endemic	Yes (Reportable)	No
Honey Bees	Tropilaelaps infestation	Mites	Foreign	Yes (Reportable)	No
Honey Bees	Varroosis	Mites	Endemic	Yes (Reportable)	No