TEDA Textbook References

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases of Animals, 2016

Chapter 1 References

Definitions

Note: The World Hunger Chart on Page 22 in the textbook has an error. ‘Sub-Saharan Asia’ should be ‘Sub-Saharan Africa’. The correct World Hunger Chart

Transboundary animal diseases: Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO): http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/programmes/en/empres/diseases.asp Accessed March 9, 2016

Transboundary animal diseases: Assessment of socioeconomic impacts and institutional responses. (FAO 2004): ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/meeting/010/ag273e/ag273e.pdf Accessed March 9, 2016

Lubroth, J. and de Balogh, K. FAO: http://www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/eng/Conferences_Events/sites/deans2009/deans_abstract/day2/session1/de%20balogh.pdf Accessed March 9, 2016

Emerging Diseases: World Organization for Animal Health (OIE): http://www.oie.int/en/for-the-media/editorials/detail/article/emerging-and-re-emerging-zoonoses/ Accessed March 9, 2016

Reportable and Foreign Animal Disease: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/wcm/connect/2afa4f5f-e7df-479c-9058-55aecc60d145/PHVt-Reportable_Foreign_Animal_Diseases.pdf?MOD=AJPERES Accessed March 9, 2016

Plague

Gage, K.L. and Kosoy, M.Y. Natural History of Plague: Perspectives from More than a Century of Research, Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2005.50:505-528. http://www.nyu.edu/projects/mediamosaic/essays/epi/EpiDoc3.pdf Accessed March 9, 2016

Runfola J., House J., Miller L., et al. Outbreak of Human Pneumonic Plague with Dog-to-Human and Possible Human-to-Human Transmission — Colorado, June—July 2014. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. May 1, 2015/64(16); 429-434. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6416a1.htm?s_cid=mm6416a1_w Accessed March 9, 2016

Spickler, Anna Rovid. Plague, October 2009. https://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/plague.pdf Accessed March 9, 2016

Rinderpest

Spickler, Anna Rovid. Plague, August 2008. https://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/rinderpest.pdf Accessed March 9, 2016

OIE. http://www.oie.int/for-the-media/rinderpest/ Accessed March 9, 2016

Foot and Mouth Disease

Clavijo, A., Sanchez-Vazquez M.J., Buzanovsky, L.P., Martini, M., Pompei, J.C., Cosivi, O. Current Status and Future Prospects to Achieve Foot-and-Mouth Disease Eradication in South America. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2015 Mar 9. doi: 10.1111/tbed.12345. [Epub ahead of print]. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25754249 Accessed March 9, 2016

OIE. http://www.oie.int/esp/E_FMD2012/Docs/Altogether%20FMDcontrol_strategy27June.pdf Accessed March 9, 2016

Spickler, Anna Rovid. Foot and Mouth Disease, April 2014. https://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/foot_and_mouth_disease.pdf Accessed March 9, 2016

West Nile Virus

Human cases: 
CDC. http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/resources/pdfs/data/1-wnv-disease-cases-by-year_1999-2014_06042015.pdf Accessed March 9, 2016

Equine cases:
USDA. https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/downloads/animal_diseases/2014_wnv_annual_final.pdf Accessed March 9, 2016

Mann, Brian R. et al. “Dynamic Transmission of West Nile Virus across the United States-Mexican Border.” Virology 436.1 (2013): 75—80. PMC. Web. 9 July 2015.

Spickler, Anna Rovid. West Nile Virus Infection, August 2013. https://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/west_nile_fever.pdf Accessed March 9, 2016

Rift Valley Fever

Spickler, Anna Rovid. Rift Valley Fever, January 2015. https://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/rift_valley_fever.pdf Accessed March 9, 2016

CDC. http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/rvf/symptoms/index.html Accessed March 9, 2016

Influenza

Spickler, Anna Rovid. Influenza, June 2015. https://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/influenza.pdf Accessed March 9, 2016

USDA. https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/downloads/animal_diseases/ai/hpai-incident-map.pdf Accessed March 9, 2016
http://www.usda.gov/wps/portal/usda/usdahome?contentidonly=true&contentid=avian_influenza.html Accessed March 9, 2016

Nipah Virus

Spickler, Anna Rovid. Nipah Virus Infection, November 2007. https://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdf/nipah.pdf Accessed March 9, 2016

Infectious Salmon Anemia

Alvial, A., Kibenge, F., Forster, J., Burgos, J., Ibarra, R., St-Hilaire, S. The recovery of the Chilean salmon industry: the ISA crisis and its consequences and lessons. Presentation at Global Outlook for Aquaculture Leadership, Santiago, Chile, Nov 1-5. http://gaalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/GAA_ISA-Report.pdf Accessed March 9, 2016

FAO World Review of Fisheries and Aquaculture. 2008. ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/011/i0250e/i0250e01.pdf Accessed March 9, 2016

Spickler, Anna Rovid. Infectious Salmon Anemia, March 2010. https://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/infectious_salmon_anemia.pdf Accessed March 9, 2016

Trade

OIE. http://www.oie.int Accessed March 9, 2016

One Health

AVME. https://www.avma.org/KB/Resources/Reference/Pages/One-Health94.aspx Accessed March 9, 2016

National Academy of Sciences. Institute of Medicine Microbial Threats to Health, Emergence Detection, and Response, 2003. http://www.nap.edu/read/10636/chapter/1 Accessed March 9, 2016

MERS. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/mers-cov/en/ Accessed March 9, 2016
http://www.who.int/csr/disease/coronavirus_infections/risk-assessment-7july2015/en/ Accessed March 9, 20
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/mers/briefing-notes/update-1-july-2015/en/ Accessed March 9, 2016
http://www.who.int/csr/don/14-july-2015-mers-korea/en/ Accessed March 9, 2016

Human Population

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Division. http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Publications/Files/Key_Findings_WPP_2015.pdf Accessed March 9, 2016
http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/events/pdf/other/10/World_Population_Projections
_Press_Release.pdf Accessed March 9, 2016

Stein Emil Vollset, Emily Goren, Chun-Wei Yuan, Jackie Cao, Amanda E Smith, Thomas Hsiao, Catherine Bisignano, Gulrez S Azhar, Emma Castro, Julian Chalek, Andrew J Dolgert, Tahvi Frank, Kai Fukutaki, Simon I Hay, Rafael Lozano, Ali H Mokdad, Vishnu Nandakumar, Maxwell Pierce, Martin Pletcher, Toshana Robalik, Krista M Steuben, Han Yong Wunrow, Bianca S Zlavog, Christopher J L Murray. Fertility, mortality, migration, and population scenarios for 195 countries and territories from 2017 to 2100: a forecasting analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet 2020; 396-1285-306.

WHO. http://www.who.int/gho/urban_health/situation_trends/urban_population_growth_text/en/ Accessed March 9, 2016

Hunger

FAO. World hunger map FAO 2015 http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4674e.pdf Accessed March 9, 2016

USDA. Hunger in the US – http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/err-economic-research-report/err173.aspx Accessed March 9, 2016

FAO. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4646e/i4646e01.pdf Accessed March 9, 2016

http://www.worldhunger.org/articles/Learn/us_hunger_facts.htm Accessed March 9, 2016

USDA. http://www.ers.usda.gov/media/1565415/err173.pdf Accessed March 9, 2016

Animal Population

FAO. The State of Food and Agriculture 2015: http://www.fao.org/publications/sofa/en/ Accessed March 9, 2016

FAO STAT: http://faostat3.fao.org/home/index.html Accessed March 9, 2016

FAO. Backyard/smallholders. http://www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/260535/icode/ Accessed March 9, 2016

FAO. http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/nr/sustainability_pathways/docs/Factsheet_SMALLHOLDERS.pdf Accessed March 9, 2016

Fisheries/Aquaculture

Capture fisheries: http://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/abc/capture-fishery.htm Accessed March 9, 2016

Aquaculture: http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6941e/x6941e04.htm Accessed March 9, 2016

Capture fisheries: http://www.fao.org/fishery/topic/12306/en Accessed March 9, 2016

FAO: The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2014. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i3720e.pdf Accessed March 9, 2016

Climate Change

Simon, Julie A et al. “Climate Change and Habitat Fragmentation Drive the Occurrence of Borrelia Burgdorferi, the Agent of Lyme Disease, at the Northeastern Limit of Its Distribution.” Evolutionary Applications 7.7 (2014): 750—764. PMC. Web. 13 July 2015.

Costello, A, Abbas, M. et al. Managing the health effects of climate change. The Lancet. Vol 373, May 2009. http://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(09)60935-1.pdf Accessed March 9, 2016

Environmental Degradation

Walsh J.F., et al. “Deforestation: effects on vector-borne disease.” Parasitology 106 (1993): S55-75. Web. 10 July 2015.

Laporta, Gabriel Zorello et al. “Biodiversity Can Help Prevent Malaria Outbreaks in Tropical Forests.” Ed. Edwin Michael. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 7.3 (2013): e2139. PMC. Web. 13 July 2015.

Interspecies Transmission

http://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(09)60935-1.pdf Accessed March 9, 2016

Spickler, Anna Rovid. Nipah Virus Infection, November 2007. https://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdf/nipah.pdf Accessed March 9, 2016

Global Trade and Travel

FAO Production and Trade Statistics: http://www.fao.org/economic/ess/ess-trade/en/ Accessed March 9, 2016

United Nations Environment Program: UNEP Year Book 2014 Emerging Issues Update. Illegal Trade in Wildlife http://www.unep.org/yearbook/2014/PDF/chapt4.pdf Accessed March 9, 2016

Karesh, W.B., Cook, R.A., Bennett, E.L. and Newcomb, J. Wildlife Trade and Global Disease Emergence. Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol 11, No 7, July 2005.

http://www.nc.cdc.gov/eid/article/11/7/pdfs/05-0194.pdf Accessed March 9, 2016

D’Odorico, P., Carr, J.A., Laio, F., Ridolfi, L., Vandoni, S. Feeding humanity through global food trade. Earth’s Future, 2014, Vol.2(9), pp.458-469.

Deliberate Acts

Personal Communication, Keith Hamilton, Executive Director for International Programs, Kansas State University, keithhamilton@k-state.edu

Acknowledgments

Editing Assistance: Jan LaVille, Ames Iowa

Reviewed by: 
Timothy Cordes, USDA APHIS National Veterinary Accreditation Program
USDA APHIS Legislative and Public Affairs

Chapter 2 References

Portals of Entry

American Association of Swine Veterinarians (AASV). Quick Facts: PED. Available at: https://www.aasv.org/pedv/AASVPEDQF.pdf

Schwartz, J. (2015, April 12). Midwest Canine Influenza outbreak caused by new strain of virus. Available at: http://mediarelations.cornell.edu/2015/04/12/midwest-canine-influenza-outbreak-caused-by-new-strain-of-virus/

USDA Veterinary Services
https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/animalhealth/animal-disease-information/avian-influenza-disease/ct_avian_influenza_disease, Accessed March 31, 2016.
https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/animalhealth/animal-and-animal-product-import-information Accessed March 9, 2016
https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/animalhealth/export Accessed March 9, 2016

U.S. Customs and Border Protection, http://www.cbp.gov/border-security/protecting-agriculture

Percell M. Taylor, DVM, Case Report: Equine, screwworm myiasis, intercepted, VMO Observer, USDA-APHIS, February 2012.

Spickler, Anna Rovid, Heartwater, December 2015. https://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/heartwater.pdf Accessed March 31, 2016

Rift Valley fever,  http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2004/07/scientists-worry-rift-valley-fever-could-reach-us Accessed March 31, 2016 

Agroterrorism, https://leb.fbi.gov/2012/february/agroterrorism-threats-to-americas-economy-and-food-supply Accessed March 31, 2016

Definitions for Understanding

Bowman, D., Georgis’ Parasitology for Veterinarians. Elsevier (2014)

Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary, Accessed March 31, 2016, http://c.merriam-webster.com/medlineplus/disease 

Routes of Transmission

Center for Food Security and Public Health. Disease Exposure Routes. https://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Infection_Control/Routes/index.php

Spickler, Anna Rovid, Classical Swine Fever, October 2015. Available at: https://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/classical_swine_fever.pdf

Dubey, J.P.  Overview of Toxoplasmosis. Merck Veterinary Manuals. Revised October 2013. Available at: http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/generalized_conditions/toxoplasmosis/overview_of_toxo
plasmosis.html

Spickler, Anna Rovid, Ovine Pulmonary Adenomatosis, August 2009. Available at: https://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/ovine_pulmonary_adenomatosis.pdf

Spickler, Anna Rovid, Food and Mouth Disease, March 2015. Available at: https://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/foot_and_mouth_disease.pdf

Texas Agricultural Extension Office, Anaplasmosis. Available at: http://icwdm.org/PDF’s/anaplasmosisTXA&M.pdf

Virginia Cooperative Extension. Available at: https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/400/400-465/400-465.html

Transstadial and Transovarial

Of ticks, mice and men: understanding the dual-host lifestyle of Lyme disease spirochaetes, Radolf, JD, Natures Reviews, Microbiology, 2012; 10:87-99.

Spickler, Anna Rovid, Bovine Babesiosis, December 2008. Available at: https://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/bovine_babesiosis.pdf

Spickler, Anna Rovid, Rift Valley Fever, January 2015. Available at: https://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/rift_valley_fever.pdf

Characteristics of Pathogens

Spickler, Anna Rovid, Anthrax, March 2007. Available at: https://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/anthrax.pdf

Spickler, Anna Rovid, Small Ruminant Lentiviruses, May 2015. Available at: https://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/maedi_visna_and_caprine_arthritis_encephalitis.pdf

Merck Veterinary Manual: Giardiasis
http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/digestive_system/giardiasis/overview_of_giardiasis.html

What is Echinococcosis or Hydatidosis? Available at: http://www.oie.int/doc/ged/D13941.PDF

Spickler, Anna Rovid, Echinococcosis, July 2011. Available at: https://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/echinococcosis.pdf

Spickler, Anna Rovid, Amblyomma variegatum, September 2009. Available at: https://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/amblyomma_variegatum.pdf

Merck Veterinary Manual: Gastrointestinal parasites. Available at: http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/digestive_system/gastrointestinal_parasites_of_small_animals
/roundworms_in_small_animals.html. Accessed April 2016. 

Foot and Mouth Disease

U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS). Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD)  Accessed 2016.

World Organization for Animal Health (OIE)/ Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). FAO World Reference Laboratory’s foot and mouth disease home page. Available at: http://www.wrlfmd.org/ Accessed April 2016.

World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). Foot and mouth disease. In: Manual of diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals. Paris: OIE; 2012. Available at: http://www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/eng/Health_standards/tahm/2.01.05_FMD.pdf  Accessed April 2016.

West Nile Virus

Spickler, Anna Rovid, West Nile Virus, August 2013. Available at: https://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/west_nile_fever.pdf Accessed April 2016

Blitvich BJ. Transmission dynamics and changing epidemiology of West Nile virus. Anim Health Res Rev. 2008;9:71-86.

Davis LE, DeBiasi R, Goade DE, Haaland KY, Harrington JA, Harnar JB, Pergam SA, King MK, DeMasters BK, Tyler KL. West Nile virus neuroinvasive disease. Ann Neurol. 2006;60:286-300.

Gubler DJ. The continuing spread of West Nile virus in the western hemisphere. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45:1039-46.

USDA APHIS West Nile Virus Maps Available at: https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/animalhealth/animal-disease-information/horse-disease-information/sa_west_nile_virus/ct_wnv_distribution_maps Accessed April 2016.

U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. West Nile virus. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/index.html; http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/statsmaps/finalmapsdata/index.html Accessed April 2016.

Cerebral Elaphostrongylosis

Ball, M. C., M. W. Lankester, and S. P. Mahoney. 2001. Factors affecting the distribution and transmission of Elaphostrongylus rangiferi (Protostrongylidae) in caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) of Newfoundland, Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology 79:1265- 1277. 

African Swine Fever and Classical Swine Fever

Spickler, Anna Rovid, African Swine Fever, October 2015. Available at: https://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/african_swine_fever.pdf

Spickler, Anna Rovid, Classical Swine Fever, October 2015, Available at: https://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/classical_swine_fever.pdf

Classical Swine Fever in the UK. Availabe at: https://www.gov.uk/guidance/classical-swine-fever

Paton, David, The Reappearance of Classical Swine Fever in England in 2000, Chapter 5.3 of Trends in Emerging Viral Infections of Swine http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9780470376812.ch5c/summary

African swine fever in the Caucasus, EMPRES Watch, April 2008, Available at: http://www.fao.org/3/a-aj214e.pdf

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy

Spickler, Anna Rovid, Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, May 2012. Available at: https://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/bovine_spongiform_encephalopathy.pdf

The National Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Surveillance Unit [CJD Unit], United Kingdom. CJD statistics [online]. CJD Unit, U.K.; Available at: http://www.cjd.ed.ac.uk/documents/figs.pdf. Accessed April 2016.

U.K. Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs [DEFRA]/ Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA)  TSE- Statistics. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/cattle-tse-surveillance-statistics. Accessed April 2016. 

U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS). Bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Available at: https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/animalhealth/animal-disease-information/cattle-disease-information/sa_bse/ct_about_bse Accessed April 2016.

Chapter 3 References

FADs Detected in US since 2005: USDA Calendar Year 2014 Update: FAD Investigation Report, February 2015. http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/emergency_management/downloads/summary
_fad_investigations.pdf Accessed March 9, 2016

World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). http://www.oie.int Accessed March 9, 2016

OIE. http://www.oie.int/about-us/our-missions/ Accessed March 9, 2016

OIE. http://www.oie.int/animal-health-in-the-world/oie-listed-diseases-2011/ Accessed March 9, 2016

OIE. http://www.oie.int/animal-health-in-the-world/the-world-animal-health-information-system/the-oie-data-system/ Accessed March 9, 2016

USDA APHIS. Accessed March 9, 2016

USDA APHIS. Veterinary Services. https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/animalhealth Accessed March 9, 2016

USDA APHIS. https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/animalhealth/program-overview Accessed March 9, 2016

National Preparedness and Incident Coordination Center. https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/animalhealth/emergency-management Accessed March 9, 2016

USDA APHIS. Import Export. https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/animalhealth/animal-and-animal-product-import-information Accessed March 9, 2016

USDA APHIS. https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/animalhealth/export Accessed March 9, 2016

CBP. Border Patrols. http://www.cbp.gov/border-security/protecting-agriculture/agriculture-canine Accessed March 9, 2016

USDA APHIS. Responding to Animal Disease Outbreaks. https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/animalhealth/emergency-management Accessed March 9, 2016

FEMA. National Response Framework. https://www.fema.gov/national-response-framework Accessed March 9, 2016

FEMA. National Incident Management System. http://www.fema.gov/national-incident-management-system Accessed March 9, 2016

USDA APHIS. PEDV. http://www.aphis.usda.gov/wps/portal/aphis/ourfocus/animalhealth?1dmy&urile=wcm%3apath%3a%2Faphis_content_library%2Fsa_our_focus%2
Fsa_animal_health%2Fsa_animal_disease_information%2Fsa_swine_health%2Fct_ped_info Accessed March 9, 2016 

USDA APHIS. EMRS. https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/animalhealth/emergency-management/SA_EMRS

USDA APHIS. NVSL. http://www.aphis.usda.gov/nvsl Accessed March 9, 2016

USDA APHIS. NAHLN. http://www.aphis.usda.gov/nahln Accessed March 9, 2016

OIE. Recovery. http://www.oie.int/animal-health-in-the-world/official-disease-status/ Accessed March 9, 2016

Chapter 4 References

USDA APHIS. https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/home/ Accessed March 9, 2016

PETS Act. Mike, M., Mike, R. Lee, C.J. Katrina’s animal legacy: The Pet’s Act. Journal of Animal Law and Ethics, Vol 4:1, 2011, 133-160.

USDA APHIS. NAHERC. https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/animalhealth/emergency-management/ct_naherc

NVRT. http://www.phe.gov/Preparedness/responders/ndms/teams/Pages/nvrt.aspx Accessed March 9, 2016

AVMA. VMAT https://www.avma.org/ProfessionalDevelopment/TrainingAndService/VMAT/Pages/AVMA-VMAT-Program-Fact-Sheet.aspx Accessed March 9, 2016

AVMA. https://www.avma.org/KB/Resources/Reference/disaster/Pages/PETS-Act-FAQ.aspx Accessed March 9, 2016

NARSC. http://www.narsc.net Accessed March 9, 2016

FEMA. National Incident Management System. http://www.fema.gov/national-incident-management-system Accessed March 9, 2016

FEMA. National Response Framework. https://www.fema.gov/national-response-framework Accessed March 9, 2016

Exotic Newcastle Disease. Pamela Kramer, personal communication, 2008

Foot and Mouth Disease. Pam Hullinger, personal communication, 2015

NAHERC. Tuberculosis Testing. This story originally appeared in the NAHERC Quarterly Newsletter, Volume 1, Issue 2, February 2011 and was used with permission of NAHERC and Dr. Schroder.

Acknowledgments

Editing Assistance: Jan LaVille, Ames Iowa

Reviewed by: Cheryl Eia, AVMA; Daisy Witherspoon, USDA APHIS NAHERC; Timothy Cordes, USDA APHIS NVAP; USDA APHIS Legislative and Public Affairs

Chapter 5 References

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in the U.S.

Avian Influenza: A Review of the Spring 2015 Outbreak and Preparing for Fall 2015, Iowa Department of Public Health webinar, James Roth, July 7, 2015. http://www.iowapha.org/AvianInfluenza/, Accessed March 31, 2016.

Statement of Dr. John Clifford, Deputy Administrator, Veterinary Services, APHIS, USDA before the Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry, July 7, 2015. http://www.agriculture.senate.gov/hearings/highly-pathogenic-avian-influenza-the-impact-on-the-us-poultry-sector-and-protecting-us-poultry-flocks, Accessed March 31, 2016.

2015 Avian Influenza Outbreak…Lessons Learned Conference, Des Moines, Iowa, July 28-29, 2015.

https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/animalhealth/animal-disease-information/avian-influenza-disease/ct_avian_influenza_disease, Accessed March 31, 2016.

http://www.usda.gov/wps/portal/usda/usdahome?contentid=avian_influenza.html, Accessed March 31, 2016.

Spickler, Anna Rovid, Avian Influenza, November 2015. Available at: https://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/highly_pathogenic_avian_influenza.pdf, Accessed March 2016.

Canine Influenza in the U.S. 

Meyer, M. (2006). UF Veterinary researchers discover a new disease in dogs. Explore, 11(2). Available at: http://www.research.ufl.edu/publications/explore/v11n2/story3.html

Crawford C, Dubovi E, Don. Influenza virus infection in racing Greyhounds. Proceedings, 22nd annual International Canine Sports Medicine Symposium, Jan 7-8, 2006, Orlando, FL pp 40-42. http://research.agcouncil.com/?doc=10481&q=influenza

Feng KH, Gonzalez G, Deng L, Yu H, Tse VL, Huang L, Huang K, Wasik BR, Zhou B, Wentworth DE, Holmes EC, Chen X, Varki A, Murcia PR, Parrish CR. 2015. Equine and canine influenza H3N8 viruses show minimal biological differences despite phylogenetic divergence. J Virol 89:6860–6873.

Song D, Kang B, Lee C, Jung K, Ha G, Kang D, Park S, Park B, Oh J. Transmission of avian influenza virus (H3N2) to dogs. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008;14:741-6.

Schwartz, J. (2015, April 12). Midwest Canine Influenza outbreak caused by new strain of virus. Available at: http://mediarelations.cornell.edu/2015/04/12/midwest-canine-influenza-outbreak-caused-by-new-strain-of-virus/

Alfred, S. Canine Influenza Virus Fact Sheet (2015). Chicago Animal Care and Control. http://www.cityofchicago.org/content/dam/city/depts/cacc/PDFiles/CIV_Information_and_FAQs_REVISED.pdf

Cornell University. Canine Influenza H3N2 Updates. Available at: https://ahdc.vet.cornell.edu/news/civchicago.cfm

Cima, G. (2015, July 29).  Canine flu hits Atlanta, vaccines under development. Available at: https://www.avma.org/News/JAVMANews/Pages/150815g.aspx

Cima, G. (2015, December 18).  H3N2 canine flu may require longer isolation. Available at: https://www.avma.org/News/JAVMANews/Pages/160115d.aspx 

Karasz, H. N. (2016, January 12). Dog owners be on the lookout– canine influenza a possibility in King County. Available at: http://publichealthinsider.com/2016/01/12/dog-owners-beware-canine-influenza-may-be-on-the-rise-in-king-county/

Merck Animal Health (2015). All States with Canine influenza. Available at: http://www.doginfluenza.com/States/states_with_civ.asp

Merck Animal Health (2015). Frequently Asked Questions about Canine Influenza H3N2. Available at: http://www.doginfluenza.com/pdfs/FAQ H3N2 7-24-2015 19.pdf

Solomon, D. (2015, December 22). What You Should Know About H3N2, The Dog Flu Strain That Hit Texas – Texas Monthly. Available at: http://www.texasmonthly.com/the-daily-post/what-you-should-know-about-h3n2-the-dog-flu-strain-that-hit-texas/

AVMA. Canine Influenza FAQ: Questions, Answers, and Interim Guidelines. Available at: https://www.avma.org/KB/Resources/FAQs/Pages/Control-of-Canine-Influenza-in-Dogs.aspx

AVMA. Canine Influenza. Available at:  https://www.avma.org/KB/Resources/Reference/Pages/Canine-Influenza-Backgrounder.aspx

USDA-APHIS, 3.2 Conditional Licenses, available at: https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/vet_biologics/publications/pel_3_2.pdf,  Accessed March 2016. 

Spickler, Anna Rovid, Canine Influenza, November 2015. Available at: https://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/canine_influenza.pdf,  Accessed March 2016

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus in the U.S.

Stevenson GW, Hoang H, Schwartz KJ, Burrough ER, Sun D, Madson D, et al. Emergence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in the United States: Clinical signs, lesions, and viral genomic sequences. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2013;25:649–54. 

Huang Y.W., Dickerman A.W., Pineyro P., Li L., Fang L., Kiehne R., Opriessnig T., Meng X.J. 2013. Origin, Evolution, and Genotyping of Emergent Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Strains in the United States. mBio 4(5):00737-13.

Swine Enteric Coronavirus Introduction to the United States: Root Cause Investigation, USDA-APHIS-VS, September 24, 2015 Available at: https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/animal_dis_spec/swine/downloads/secd_final_report.pdf Accessed March 2016

American Association of Swine Veterinarians (AASV). Quick Facts: PED. Available at: https://www.aasv.org/pedv/AASVPEDQF.pdf

Iowa State University- College of Veterinary Medicine. Swine Disease Manual: PED. Available at: https://vetmed.iastate.edu/vdpam/FSVD/swine/index-diseases/porcine-epidemic-diarrhea

Iowa State University- College of Veterinary Medicine. Swine Disease Manual: TGE. Available at: https://vetmed.iastate.edu/vdpam/FSVD/swine/index-diseases/tge

Alonso et al. 2014. Evidence of infectivity of airborne porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and detection of airborne viral RNA at long distances from infected herds. Veterinary Research 45:73.

U.S. Department of Agriculture. Technical Note: PED. Available at: http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/animal_dis_spec/swine/downloads/ped_tech_note.pdf

Li W., Li H., Liu Y., Pan Y., Deng F., Song Y., et al. 2012. New variants of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, China, 2011. Emerg Infect Dis Volume 18, Number 8, Aug 2012.

Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service: Federal order. Available at: http://www.aphis.usda.gov/newsroom/2014/06/pdf/secd_federal_order.pdf

Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service: Revised Federal Order and Reporting Information Available at: https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/animal_dis_spec/swine/downloads/secd_federal_order.pdf 
Jung K., Saif L. 2015. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection: Etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis and immunoprophylaxis. The Veterinary Journal. Doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.02.017

USDA Licenses First Vaccine for Procine Epidemic Diarrhea, June 16, 2014. Available at: https://www.aphis.usda.gov/newsroom/2014/06/pdf/sa_pedv_vaccine.pdf

Zoetis Granted Conditional License for Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Vaccine, September 2, 2014. Available at: http://news.zoetis.com/press-release/manufacturing/zoetis-granted-conditional-license-porcine-epidemic-diarrhea-vaccine Accessed March 2016.

Julio Alvarez, Javier Sarradell, Robert Morrison, and Andres Perez, Yung-Fu Chang, Academic Editor, 2015, Impact of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea on Performance of Growing Pigs, PLoS One. 2015; 10(3): e0120532., Published online 2015 Mar 13.  doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0120532 Accessed March 2016

New World Screwworm in the U.S.

Percell M. Taylor, DVM (USDA APHIS Veterinary Services Miami Animal EditImport Center Assistant Director), James W. Mertins, PhD (USDA APHIS National Veterinary Services Laboratories Entomologist), Kendra Stauffer, DVM, DACVPM (USDA APHIS Veterinary Services Area Emergency Coordinator), and Elizabeth Enciso, DVM, MPH (USDA APHIS Veterinary Services Miami Animal Import Center Director). 2012. Case Report: Equine, Screwworm Myiasis, Intercepted. VMO Observer, February 16, 2012.

Spickler, Anna Rovid, Screwworm Myiasis, Full Review December 2012, Minor Updates January 2016, https://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/screwworm_myiasis.pdf.

African Swine Fever in Eastern Europe 

Sanchez-Vizcaino, JM, Mur, L, Martinez-Lopez, B., African swine fever (ASF): Five years around Europe, Vet Micro. 2013;165:45-50.

Sanchez-Vizcaino, JM, Mur, L, Gomez-Villamandos, JC, Carrasco, L, An Update on the Epidemiology and Pathology of African Swine Fever. J. Comp. Path. 2015; 152:9-21.

Spickler, Anna Rovid, African Swine Fever, October 2015, https://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/african_swine_fever.pdf Accessed March 2016

World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), Disease Timelines, African Swine Fever, 2007-2015. http://www.oie.int/wahis_2/public/wahid.php/Diseaseinformation/Diseasetimelines Accessed March 2016

Blome S, Gabriel C, Beer M. Pathogenesis of African swine fever in domestic pigs and European wild boar. Virus Res. 2013;173(1):122-30. 

Costard S, Wieland B, de Glanville W, Jori F, Rowlands R, Vosloo W, Roger F, Pfeiffer DU, Dixon LK. African swine fever: how can global spread be prevented? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2009;364(1530):2683-96. 

Costard S, Jones BA, Martínez-López B, Mur L, de la Torre A, Martínez M, Sánchez-Vizcaíno F, Sánchez-Vizcaíno JM, Pfeiffer DU, Wieland B. Introduction of African swine fever into the European Union through illegal importation of pork and pork products. PLoS One. 2013;8(4):e61104.

Gogin A, Gerasimov V, Malogolovkin A, Kolbasov D. African swine fever in the North Caucasus region and the Russian Federation in years 2007-2012. Virus Res. 2013;173(1):198-203. 

Mur L, Martínez-López B, Martínez-Avilés M, Costard S, Wieland B, Pfeiffer DU, Sánchez-Vizcaíno JM. International Society for Infectious Diseases. Subject: PRO/AH> African swine fever – Georgia: OIE. Archive Number: 20070607.1845. Available at: http://www.promedmail.org. Accessed March 2016

Khomenko, S, Beltran-Alcrudo, D, Rozstalnyy, A, Gogin,A, Kolbasov,D, Pinto,J, Lubroth,J, Marin,V.. African swine fever in the Russian Federation: risk factors for Europe and beyond. Empres Watch, May 2013;28.

UK Department for Environment Food & Rural Affairs (DEFRA). African Swine Fever. Available at: http://www.defra.gov.uk/animal-diseases/a-z/african-swine-fever/. Accessed March 2016. 

U.S. Department of Agriculture. Disease Response Strategy: African Swine Fever. Available at: http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/emergency_management/downloads/asf_strategies.pdf Accessed March 2016. 

World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals 2013: African Swine Fever. Available at: http://www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/eng/Health_standards/tahm/2.08.01_ASF.pdf. Accessed March 2016.

Monkeypox in the U.S.

U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Monkeypox http://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/  Many resources on this site.  Accessed March 2016

Spickler, Anna Rovid. Monkeypox, February 2013, Minor updates: January 2016. https://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/monkeypox.pdf Accessed March 2016

ProMED-mail. Monkeypox, human, prairie dogs – USA (WI, IL, IN). ProMED-mail June-July 2003; http://www.promedmail.org, search monkeypox. Accessed March 2016.

U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Update: Multistate Outbreak of Monkeypox — Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Missouri, Ohio, and Wisconsin 2003, MMWR Weekly, July 11, 2003;52(27): 642-646; http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5227a5.htm Accessed March 2016

Di Giulio DB, Eckburg PB. Human monkeypox: an emerging zoonosis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2004;4(1):15-25.

Kile JC, Fleischauer AT, Beard B, Kuehnert MJ, Kanwal RS, Pontones P, Messersmith HJ, Teclaw R, Karem KL, Braden ZH, Damon I, Khan AS, Fischer M. Transmission of monkeypox among persons exposed to infected prairie dogs in Indiana in 2003. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2005;159(11):1022-5.

Langohr IM, Stevenson GW, Thacker HL, Regnery RL. Extensive lesions of monkeypox in a prairie dog (Cynomys sp).Vet Pathol. 2004;41(6):702-7.

Ligon BL. Monkeypox: a review of the history and emergence in the Western hemisphere. Semin Pediatr Infect Dis. 2004;15(4):280-7.

Bernard SM, Anderson SA. Qualitative assessment of risk for monkeypox associated with domestic trade in certain animal species, United States.Emerg Infect Dis. 2006;12(12):1827-33.

Chen N, Li G, Liszewski MK, Atkinson JP, Jahrling PB, Feng Z, Schriewer J, Buck C, Wang C, Lefkowitz EJ, Esposito JJ, Harms T, Damon IK, Roper RL, Upton C, Buller RM. Virulence differences between monkeypox virus isolates from West Africa and the Congo basin. Virology. 2005;340(1):46-63.

Dubois ME, Slifka MK. Retrospective analysis of monkeypox infection. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008;14(4):592-9.

Guarner J, Johnson BJ, Paddock CD, Shieh W-J, Goldsmith CS, Reynolds MG, et al. Monkeypox transmission and pathogenesis in prairie dogs. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004 Mar;10 (3):426-31.

Hutson CL, Lee KN, Abel J, Carroll DS, Montgomery JM, Olson VA, Li Y, Davidson W, Hughes C, Dillon M, Spurlock P, Kazmierczak JJ, Austin C, Miser L, Sorhage FE, Howell J, Davis JP, Reynolds MG, Braden Z, Karem KL, Damon IK, Regnery RL. Monkeypox zoonotic associations: insights from laboratory evaluation of animals associated with the multi-state US outbreak.Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2007;76(4):757-68.

Kile JC, Fleischauer AT, Beard B, Kuehnert MJ, Kanwal RS, Pontones P, Messersmith HJ, Teclaw R, Karem KL, Braden ZH, Damon I, Khan AS, Fischer M. Transmission of monkeypox among persons exposed to infected prairie dogs in Indiana in 2003. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2005;159(11):1022-5.

Langohr IM, Stevenson GW, Thacker HL, Regnery RL. Extensive lesions of monkeypox in a prairie dog (Cynomys sp).Vet Pathol. 2004;41(6):702-7.

Ligon BL. Monkeypox: a review of the history and emergence in the Western hemisphere. Semin Pediatr Infect Dis. 2004;15(4):280-7.

Nalca A, Rimoin AW, Bavari S, Whitehouse CA. Reemergence of monkeypox: prevalence, diagnostics, and countermeasures. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;41(12):1765-71.

Reed K, Melski J, Stratman E. Monkeypox brings international attention. Available at: http://www.marshfieldclinic.org/proxy/MC-systemReview_03_monkeypoxAttention.1.pdf. Accessed March 2016.

Reynolds MG, Cono J, Curns A, Holman RC, Likos A, Regnery R, Treadwell T, Damon I. Human monkeypox. Lancet Infect Dis. 2004;4(10):604-5

Reynolds MG, Davidson WB, Curns AT, Conover CS, Huhn G, Davis JP, Wegner M, Croft DR, Newman A, Obiesie NN, Hansen GR, Hays PL, Pontones P, Beard B, Teclaw R, Howell JF, Braden Z, Holman RC, Karem KL, Damon IK. Spectrum of infection and risk factors for human monkeypox, United States, 2003. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007;13(9):1332-9.

Morrison, B, Williams L, Monkey Pox, Giant Rats, and Prairie Dogs, United States Animal Health Association Newsletter, 30; No.2, July 2003. 

U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). African Rodent Importation Ban,  http://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/african-ban.html, Accessed March 2016. 

Smith, KF, Behrens,M, Schloegel, LM, Marano, N, Burgiel, S, Daszak, P, Reducing the Risks of the Wildlife Trade, 1 May 2009, Science; 324, 594-595.

Lankau,EW, Sinclair, JR, Schroeder, BA, Galland, GG, Marano, N, Public Health Implications of Changing Rodent Importation Patterns – United States, 1999-2013, Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 5 Aug 2015. 

Bush, ER, Baker, SE, MacDonald, DW, Global Trade in Exotic Pets 2006-2012, 2014, Conservation Biology; 28,3:663-676.

The Compendium of Veterinary Standard Precautions for Zoonotic Disease Prevention in Veterinary Personnel, http://nasphv.org/Documents/VeterinaryStandardPrecautions.pdf. Accessed March 2016.

Foot and Mouth Disease in the UK and Uruguay 

Spickler, Anna Rovid. Foot and Mouth Disease, Last updated: April 2014, Revised March 2015. https://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/foot_and_mouth_disease.pdf, Accessed 2016.

FAO Corporate Document Repository, Animal Diseases: Implications for International Meat Trade, http://www.fao.org/docrep/MEETING/004/y6975e.htm, Accessed March 2016.

Berretta, Elbio J., Country Pasture/Forage Resource Profiles, Uruguay, http://www.fao.org/ag/agp/agpc/doc/counprof/PDF%20files/Uruguay_English.pdf, Accessed March 2016.

USDA-APHIS- Animal Health- Veterinary Services – Center for Animal Health – Center for Emerging Issues; Impact Worksheets for FMD in Uruguay,  in Argentina, and in UK, 2001, https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/animalhealth/sa_emerging_issues/sa_by_year/ct_year_2001, Accessed March 2016.

BBC News World Edition, Foot-and-mouth: Crisis timeline, 14 Jan 2002 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1760785.stm, Accessed March 2016.

National Audit Office, The 2001 Outbreak of Foot and Mouth Disease, Report by the Comptroller and Auditor General, London, HC 939, Session 2001-2002, June 2002. https://www.nao.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2002/06/0102939.pdf.

Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), Origin of the UK Foot and Mouth Disease epidemic in 2001, June 2001. http://www.ecolab.com/innovation/microbial-risks/~/media/229E1F86251E474DA055612D15AF4B8E.asx, Accessed March 2016.

Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), U.K. Foot and mouth disease. Available at: http://footandmouth.fera.defra.gov.uk/,  Accessed March 2016.

Grubman MJ, Baxt B. Foot-and-mouth disease. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2004;17:465-93. International Society for Infectious Diseases.

Thompson D, Muriel P, Russell D, Osborne P, Bromley A, Rowland M, Creigh-Tyte S, Brown C. Economic costs of the foot and mouth disease outbreak in the UK in 2001. Rev Sci Tech. 2002; 21(3):675.

Mort M, Convery I, Baxter J, Bailey C. Psychosocial effects of the 2001 UK foot and mouth disease epidemic in a rural population: qualitative diary based study. BMJ. 2005 Nov 26;331(7527):1234.

Correa Melo E, Saraiva V, Astudillo V. Review of the status of foot and mouth disease in countries of South America and approaches to control and eradication. Rev Sci Tech. 2002; 21(3):429-436.

Sutmoller P, Casas Olascoaga R. The successful control and eradication of foot and mouth disease epidemics in South America in 2001. Evidence for the Temporary Committee on Foot-and-Mouth Disease of the European Parliament; September 2, 2002. Presented by Paul Sutmoller. Available at: http://www.humanitarian.net/biodefense/papers/sutmoeller_en.pdf, Accessed March 2016.

Irvine, James, How Vaccination was used for Foot and Mouth Disease in Uruguay in April 2001 and subsequently, http://www.land-care.org.uk/fmd/curr_topic/uruguay_vaccination/uruguay_vaccination.htm, Accessed March 2016.

Knight-Jones, T.J.D, Rushton, J., The economic impacts of foot and mouth disease – What are they, how big are they and where do they occur?, 2013, Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 112, pp 161-173.

Saraiva, V, Darsie, G, The Use of Vaccines in South America Foot-and-Mouth Disease Eradication Programmes, in Control of Infectious Animal Diseases by Vaccinations, Dev. Biol, Schudel A, Lombard M(eds)Basel, Karger, 2004, Vol 119, pp 33-40.

Thomson G. Foot and mouth disease: Facing the new dilemmas. Rev Sci Tech. 2002;21(3): 425-8.

USDA APHIS, Veterinary Services, National Preparedness and Incident Coordination Center, FAD Prep, Foot-And-Mouth Disease Response Plan, The Red Book, Draft September 2014. https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/emergency_management/downloads/fmd_responseplan.pdf, Accessed March 2016.

Classical Swine Fever in the UK

Spickler, Anna Rovid. Classical Swine Fever, Last updated: October 2015. https://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/classical_swine_fever.pdf, Accessed March 2016.

Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), United Kingdom. Disease factsheet: Classical swine fever. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/guidance/classical-swine-fever, Accessed March 2016.

PigHealth.com. Classical swine fever. CSF Outbreaks in the United Kingdom in 2000. Available at: http://www.pighealth.com/csf.htm, Accessed March 2016.

Paton, David, The Reappearance of Classical Swine Fever in England in 2000, Trends in Emerging Viral Infections of Swine, Ed Antonio Morilla, Kyoung-Jin Yoon, Jeff Zimmerman, Hoboken: Wiley, 2008. Chapter 5.3, 153-158.

ThePigSite.com. Available at: http://www.thepigsite.com, Accessed 2003.

World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). OIE disease information, http://www.oie.int/wahis_2/public/wahid.php/Diseaseinformation/Diseasetimelines, Accessed March 2016.

World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). http://www.oie.int/en/animal-health-in-the-world/official-disease-status/classical-swine-fever/

World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), Terrestrial Animal Health Code, http://web.oie.int/eng/normes/mcode/en_chapitre_1.15.2.htm, Accessed March 2016.

Olsevskis, Edvins, 2014, Classical swine fever and African swine fever in Latvia, SCoFCAH meeting, Brussels, http://ec.europa.eu/food/animals/docs/reg-com_ahw_20140703_pres_csf_asf_latvia.pdf, Accessed March 2016.

Rossi, S, Stauback, C. et al, Controlling of CSFV in European wild boar using oral vaccination: a review. Fron:Microbiol. 23 Oct 2015, http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2015.01141/full, Accessed March 2016.

United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, FAD PReP, Classical Swine Fever Response Plan, The Red Book, 2013, https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/emergency_management/downloads/csf_responseplan.pdf,
Accessed March 2016.

West Nile Virus in the U.S.

Spickler, Anna Rovid. West Nile Virus Infection, Last updated: August 2013. https://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/west_nile_fever.pdf, Accessed March 2016.

Komar N, Panella NA, Burns JE, Dusza SW, Mascarenhas TM, Talbot TO. Serologic Evidence for West Nile Virus Infection in Birds in the New York City Vicinity During an Outbreak in 1999. Emerg Infect Dis [serial on the Internet]. 2001, Aug. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0704.017403, Accessed Jan 2016.

Steinhauer J. African virus may be culprit in mosquito-borne illnesses in New York region. New York Times; Sunday, 26 September 1999Available at: http://www.nytimes.com/library/national/regional/092599ny-encephalitis.html, Accessed March 2016.

International Society for Infectious Diseases. NVSL first to… ProMED Mail, Tue, 28 Sep 1999 11:30:16 -0500, from Beverly J. Schmitt of the USDA APHIS National Veterinary Services Laboratories. Archive Number 19990928.1739. Available at: http://www.promedmail.org, Accessed March 2016.

Outbreak of West Nile-Like Viral Encephalitis — New York, 1999, Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, October 01, 1999, 48(38);845-9, Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4838a1.htm, Accessed March 2016.

The Lancet, Exotic Diseases Close to Home, The Lancet, Oct. 9, 1999, Vol 354, No. 9186: 1221. 

Johnston, B Lynn, Conly, John M, West Nile virus – Where did it come from and where might it go? Can J Infect Dis, 2000, 11(4), July/Aug: 175-178

Rappole JH, Derrickson SR, Hubalek Z. Migratory birds and spread of West Nile virus in the Western Hemisphere. Emerg Infect Dis. 2000 Jul-Aug; 6(4):319-28.

Alaska Department of Fish and Game. Parasites and Diseases: West Nile Virus Monitoring in Alaska. Available at: http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=disease.wnv

West Nile Virus. (2013). Hawaii Invasive Species Council. Available at: http://dlnr.hawaii.gov/hisc/info/species/west-nile-virus/

Castillo-Olivares J, Wood J. West Nile virus infection of horses. Vet Res. 2004;35:467-83.

Giallonardo, F. D., Geoghegan, J. L., Docherty, D. E., Mclean, R. G., Zody, M. C., Qu, J., . . . Holmes, E. C. (2015). Fluid Spatial Dynamics of West Nile Virus in the United States: Rapid Spread in a Permissive Host Environment. JVirol, 90(2), 862-872. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26512086

CDC. Species of dead birds in which West Nile virus has been detected, United States, 1999-2012. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/resources/pdfs/birdspecies1999-2012.pdf

Morell, V. (2015, November 02). West Nile virus still wiping out birds across North America. Retrieved from http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2015/11/west-nile-virus-still-wiping-out-birds-across-north-america  

Jacobson ER, Ginn PE, Troutman JM, Farina L, Stark L, Klenk K, Burkhalter KL, Komar N. West Nile virus infection in farmed American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) in Florida. J Wildl Dis. 2005;41:96-106.

United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Animal Health, Equine Health, West Nile Virus, https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/animalhealth/animal-disease-information/horse-disease-information/sa_west_nile_virus/ct_wnv_distribution_maps, Accessed March 2016.

U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). West Nile virus, Statistics & Maps, http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/statsmaps/, Accessed March 2016.

Gubler DJ. The continuing spread of West Nile virus in the western hemisphere. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45:1039-46.

JAVMA News, Conditional license issued for West Nile vaccine for horses, 2001, Sept. 15. https://www.avma.org/News/JAVMANews/Pages/s091501e.aspx, Accessed March 2016.

American Association of Equine Practitioners, Core Vaccination Guidelines, http://www.aaep.org/info/core-vaccination-guidelines?osCsid=eij494v5ijmk9c50u0lcfdatt0, Accessed March 2016. 

Chang, GJJ, Davis, BS, Stringfield, C, Lutz, C, Prospective immunization of the endangered California condors (Gymnogyps californianus) protects this species from lethal West Nile virus infection, 2007, Vaccine,Vol 25(12): 2325-2330.

West Nile Virus in the United States: Guidelines for Surveillance, Prevention and Control (June 14, 2013). Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/resources/pdfs/wnvguidelines.pdf